| dc.description.abstract | Turkmen Turkish is located in South-Western groups of Turkish language family. From this point it constitutes the eastern arm of the Oghuz group of the Turkish languages. Turkmen Turkish, have used the Chagatai Turkish’s literary language, which is common in Turkey until the 18th century. The foundation of Turkmen Turkish language were created with the language of works wich penned after the 18th century. Turkish words creates the foundation of Turkmen vocabulary. In addition, the words taken from Russian, Arabic, Persian and Mongolian also creates quite a large proportion. The words taken from Arabic and Persian language are adapted to the characteristics of Turkmen Turkish.While the words taken from Arabic and Persian adapting to the Turkmen language features they have been undergone tremendous changes in formal terms. Such that, some of these words have become unable to be deteched. Particularly as a result of the different sounds such as consonant assimilation, the impact celebrities on the consonants, consonants fall, vowel-consonant harmony, majority of the words have been changed. Especially allophonic changes in words taken from Arabic and Persian words have made it beyond recognition. In this study were examined the sound events seen in the vowels of words borrowed from Arabic and Persian which located in Turkmen Turkish literary products and its dictionaries Turkmen Turkish forms the eastern arm of Oghuz group of Turkish language, whereas Turkey Turkish and Azerbaijani Turkish constitute the western branch one. Part of the Oghuz Turks has used the same literary language in the region of the Anatolia, Syria, Iran and Iraq until the 17th century. Ottoman Turkish and Azerbaijani Turkish have created two different literary languages following the century. Turkmen Turkish have used the Chagatai Turkish literary language which has been common written language of the Central Asian Turkish until the 18th century. After the 18th century, language features that form the basis of Turkmen Turkish have been formed. Compared to other dialect groups in the west, an important part of the vocabulary and some phonetic and morphological elements of the old and middle Turkish period have been preserved in Turkmen Turkish. In this respect, Turkish words constitute the foundation of the Turkmen vocabulary. In addition, the words taken from Russian, Arabic, Persian and Mongolian also create a quite large proportion. The words taken from Arabic and Persian language are adapted to the characteristics of Turkmen Turkish. Today, many words of Arabic and Persian origin that protect the essential features in Turkey Turkish have lost their properties in the Turkmen Turkish and are linked to Turkmen language characteristics. In the study, the sound events seen in the consonants of words borrowed from Arabic and Persian which are located in Turkmen Turkish literary products and its dictionaries are examined. There are 21 consonants in the Turkmen alphabet adopted January 1, 2000. These consonants are: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, z, k, l, m, n, n, p, r, s, s, t, w, y, z. In these consonants /?/ mark meets "j" sound; and / j / mark meets /c/ sound. And in these consonants /g/ mark meets the sound it represents /g/ and /ğ/which articulation of it is located in the front and back of the palate ın Turkey Turkish. And another used sound is nasal (n). This consonant had been used historical periods of Turkish language and it continues to be used in the contemporary Turkish dialects except Turkey Turkish. Except this, / w / consonant in writing is not essentially a dental-labial consonant it is a double-labial consonant. In Turkmen Turkish / s / and / z / sounds, unlike the voice used in Turkey Turkish always pronounced lisp. But this does not transcribed. The words from Arabic and Persian are attuned to the language features of Turkmen Turkish. Today in Turkey Turkish many words of Arabic and Persian origin that protects the essential features lost their properties in the Turkmen Turkish, and they are connected to the language peculiarities of the Turkmen language. In Turkmen Turkish at the end of the words, voiced consonant in not mostly available. Therefore voiced consonants at the end of words taken from Arabic and Persian mostly devoiced: TK vaacıp ~ TR vacip < AR vâcib; TK ecaap ~ TR hicap < AR ?icâb “shame”; TK galıp ~ TR kalıp < AR ?âlib “mold”; TK nesiip ~ TR nasip < AR nasîb “grant”; TK tääç (TDS. täç) ~ TR taç < AR tâc “crown”; TK renç “torment, worry” < FA renc; TK şaat ~ TR şad < FA şâd “happy”; TK şaayaat ~ TR şahit < AR şâhid “witness”, TK bent ~ TR bent < FA bend “obstacle”; TK cilt ~ TR cilt < FA cild “skin”; TK övlat ~ TR evlat < AR evlâd “child”. In words taken from Arabic and Persian “ng, nk” consonants at the end of the words have turned to nasal consonants “ñ, ññ” in the Turkmen Turkish: TK ceñ ~ TR cenk < FA ceng “battle”; TK leñ “lame, limping” < FA leng; TK tüpeñ ~ TR tüfek < FA tufeng “rifle”. Continuous dental-labial consonants /f/ in Arabic and Persian words have turned to discontinuous labial consonants /b/ and /p/ in Turkmen Turkish: TK nebis ~ TR nefis < AR nefs “soul, life”; TK nebit ~ TR neft < AR neft “naphtha”; TK cübüt ~ TR çift < FA cuft “double”; TK par? ~ TR fark < AR far? “difference”; TK parz ~ TR farz < AR farz “obligatory”; TK pähim ~ TR fehim < AR fehm “comprehension, understanding”; TK pığaan ~ TR figan < FA fi?ân “cry, howl”. The sounds (? (and hemze (? (acts as consonant in Arabic. This sounds left their place to the vowels ın Turkmen Turkish. Except this, in some cases, it has led to the extension previous vowel. This throat sounds, in some usages, handed over their functions to the semi-vowels /g/, /ğ/, /h/, /y/, /v/ and the consonant /l/ : TK ılım ~ TR ilim < AR ?ilm “science” ; TK määlim (TDS. mälim) ~ TR malum < AR ma?lum “known”; TK nääne ~ TR nane < AR na?na? “mint”; TK şugla ~ TR şule < AR şu’le “light”; TK şıgır ~ TR şiir < AR şi?r “poem”; TK hasaa ~ TR asa < AR ?a?â “wand, walking stick”; TK leñkebuut “spider” < AR ?ankebût; TK dayra ~ TR daire < AR dâ’ire “circle”.One of the most salient features of the Turkmen Turkish is also consonant assimilation: TK ammar ~ TR ambar < Ar. anbar “warehouse”; TK temmii “ceza, cezalandırma” ~ TR tembih < AR tenbîh “warning”; TK dessaan < FA destân “saga”, TK desse > FA deste “deck, bundle”, TK. hassa < FA ?aste “ill, sick”, TK tassıık ~ TR tasdik < AR ta?dîk “confirmation”. The words remaining outside the vowel-consonant compliance in Turkey Turkish were connected to the this compliance in the Turkmen Turkish: TK dıkgat ~ TR dikkat < AR di??at “attention”; TK ıktısaad ~ TR iktisat < AR i?ti?âd “economy”; TK ıkbaal ~ TR ikbal < AR i?bâl “future”; TK nahal < FA nihâl “sapling”; TK haalııs ~ TR halis < AR ?âli? “pure”; TK halaal ~ TR helal < AR ?alâl “, permissible, not forbitten”; TK nıkaap ~ TR nikap < AR ni?âb “cover, veil”; TK lääle (TDS. läle) ~ TR lale < FA lâle “tulips”; TK kerwen ~ TR kervan < FA kârbân “caravan”. | en_US |
