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dc.contributor.authorOrhan, Osman
dc.contributor.authorOliver-Cabrera, Talib
dc.contributor.authorWdowinski, Shimon
dc.contributor.authorYalvac, Sefa
dc.contributor.authorYakar, Murat
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-09T19:49:24Z
dc.date.available2021-11-09T19:49:24Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.issn1424-8220
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/s21030774
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12440/4032
dc.description.abstractThe Karapinar basin, located in the Central Anatolian part of Turkey, is subjected to land subsidence and sinkhole activity due to extensive groundwater withdrawal that began in the early 2000s. In this study, we use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and groundwater level data to monitor and better understand the relations between groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and sinkhole formation in the Karapinar basin. The main observations used in the study are InSAR-derived subsidence velocity maps calculated from both Sentinel-1 (2014-2018) and COSMO-SkyMed (2016-2017) SAR data. Our analysis reveals broad areas of subsidence with rates exceeding 70 mm/yr. The InSAR-derived subsidence was compared with GNSS data acquired by a continuously operating GNSS station located in the study area, which show a similar rate of subsidence. The temporal characteristic of both InSAR and GNSS time series indicate a long-term subsidence signal superimposed by seasonal variability, which follows the overall groundwater level changes, with over 80% cross-correlation consistency. Our results also indicate that sinkhole activity is limited to slow subsidence areas, reflecting strong cohesion of near-surface rock layers that resist subsidence but yield to collapse in response to aquifer system deformation induced by groundwater extraction.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [2214-A-1059B141601339]; National Science Foundation (NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR-1620617, EAR-1713420]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors appreciate the support provided by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, the program no;2214-A-1059B141601339) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) grants EAR-1620617 and EAR-1713420.en_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofSensorsen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectInSARen_US
dc.subjectsubsidenceen_US
dc.subjectsinkholeen_US
dc.subjectCOSMO-SkyMeden_US
dc.subjectsentinel 1en_US
dc.subjectgroundwater overpumpingen_US
dc.titleLand Subsidence and Its Relations with Sinkhole Activity in Karapinar Region, Turkey: A Multi-Sensor InSAR Time Series Studyen_US
dc.typearticleen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.description.wospublicationidWOS:000615513600001en_US
dc.description.scopuspublicationid2-s2.0-85099778134en_US
dc.departmentGümüşhane Üniversitesien_US
dc.authoridorhan, osman / 0000-0002-1362-8206
dc.authoridyakar, Murat / 0000-0002-2664-6251
dc.authoridWdowinski, Shimon / 0000-0002-4969-0642
dc.identifier.volume21en_US
dc.identifier.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s21030774
dc.authorwosidorhan, osman / W-6764-2019
dc.authorwosidyakar, Murat / ABI-3379-2020
dc.authorscopusid56033515600
dc.authorscopusid57189501068
dc.authorscopusid6603735766
dc.authorscopusid36161619100
dc.authorscopusid23020225300
dc.description.pubmedpublicationidPubMed: 33498896en_US


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