Utilization of macaroni by-product as a new food ingredient: Powder of macaroni boiling water

Abstract

In the present study, production and using possibilities of powder of macaroni boiling water (PMBW) were investigated. After cooking process of macaroni, firstly pre-drying was carried out at 50 degrees C in a drying oven and then lyophilization process was conducted to obtain final powder product. Physicochemical characterizations like total dry matter, ash, fat, protein, pH, a(w) and color properties were carried out and also technological properties of sample were determined. Both macaroni boiling water and the final powder product were exarnined in terms of microbiological analyses. It was found that macaroni boiling water had to be processed in 6 h after cooking if the cooking water was stored at room temperature. Also, the duration of 12 h after cooking was found to be limit level for microbiological safety of cooking water if it was stored at +4 degrees C. Besides, scanning electron micrographs of particles and fatty acid and mineral profile of the final powder product were determined. Macaroni boiling water is a by-product having a lot of nutrients and in this study it was proved that utilization of this by-product may be feasible. The macaroni boiling water can be used as a food ingredient and also as an enrichment agent. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.