Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12440/95
2024-03-29T14:16:17Z
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A study on the magnetite skarn mineralization (Gümüşhane, Türkiye): a magnetic survey
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12440/6111
A study on the magnetite skarn mineralization (Gümüşhane, Türkiye): a magnetic survey
Sipahi, Ferkan; Sadiklar, M. Burhan; Gücer, Mehmet Ali; Aydin, Ali; Kara, Rasim Taylan
Iron (Fe)-skarn mineralizations (Çambaşı, Dereli, Eğrikar, Karadağ, Kopuz, Sekü, Donguldere, Arnastal, Özdil, Ögene, İkizdere, Ovit Dağı, Kartiba, etc.) in the eastern part of the Pontides (NE Türkiye) are accommodated in the Pontide paleomagmatic arc and the eastern part of the Pontides Metallogenic Belt containing numerous various deposits. Fe-skarn mineralization around the Arnastal Plateau (Gümüşhane-Türkiye) is fragmentary in this area, which is covered with plants (grasses, flowers, etc.). Thus, it was attempted to describe the subsurface structures and Fe mineralization using an interpretation of the available geological and existing magnetic data in this area. Granitoid and volcano-sedimentary series (Upper Cretaceous) outcrop in the study area. These volcanosedimentary series consist of limestone, sandy limestone, marl, andesite, quartz andesite, basalt, and their equivalent pyroclastics. They include a thin layer of the red limestone (Upper Cretaceous) and olistolith recrystallized limestones (Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous). Zigana granitoid, intruding into all of these rocks, is high-K calc-alkaline and metaluminous and is classified as quartz monzonite, monzogranite, granite, and syenogranite as a result of its modal composition. Contact pyrometasomatic mineralization occurs in between the limestone and granitoids in the Arnastal Plateau. In addition to petrographic and mineralogical studies, magnetic methods were applied to an area of approximately 10 km2 to find any covered Fe deposits. Magnetic susceptibility values measured on the outcropped rocks ranged from 1 to 34 (10–7 SI) for limestone, 78 to 3750 (10–7 SI) for basalt, and 105 to 3946 (10–7 SI) for granitoids. It is considered that these ranges express the alteration (physical or chemical) of the rocks, their homogeneity, and the lack or presence of Fe minerals. The magnetic survey was conducted along a study area measuring 12,075 m long with 25 and/or 50 m station spacing. Processing of the magnetic data revealed the presence of eight buried Fe ores that could represent either massive or disseminated mineralization between the Sarıtaş and Kurtdere plateaus. Magnetite ore bodies may be present from the surface to a depth of approximately 15–25 m inside the limestone. In addition to the identification of new magnetite ore mineralization or bodies, a new geological map was designed by determining probable formation boundaries with this magnetic survey. © 2023, TUBITAK. All rights reserved.
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
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Tor topography in Giresun mountains, Türkiye
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12440/6104
Tor topography in Giresun mountains, Türkiye
Uzun, Ali; Aylar, Faruk; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim; Alemdağ, Selçuk
Tors are mound-like rock landforms, resistant to erosion, that may sometimes reach the size of several storeys of house by volume. They may develop in different climate regions and different rock types, led by granitic rocks. In this study, tors developed in granitic rocks around Yaylalı village linked to Kürtün county in Gümüşhane were investigated. The study area is located in the eastern part of the Giresun mountain range in northeastern Turkey, 2000–2300 m above sea level. The aim of the study is to determine the natural environmental characteristics in tor formation and to reveal the effect of bedrock on tor formation. During field studies, 18 tors were selected by noting location, size and structural features, and dimensions were measured. Thin sections were first made from the rock samples taken from the tors and then the mineralogical composition was investigated by modal analysis method. As a result of this analysis, it was determined that the bedrock forming the tors is granite. During the field observations, it was determined that the intersecting vertical joints supported the formation of castle-like tors, while the horizontal joints supported the formation of pita pile-shaped tors. There are also pseudokarstic shapes resembling kamenitza and karst pavement. In conclusion, joint sets causing local resistance differences directed the formation of tors, while excess slope affected surface erosion and suitability of climate conditions-controlled weathering rate. © 2023, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
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Natural Walls of Anatolia: formation and development of Dis Kayaliklari as a structural landform (Sivas, Turkiye)
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12440/6017
Natural Walls of Anatolia: formation and development of Dis Kayaliklari as a structural landform (Sivas, Turkiye)
Uzun, Ali; Aylar, Faruk; Zeybek, Halil Ibrahim; Gurgoze, Serkan; Bahadir, Muhammet; Alemdag, Selcuk
The Dis Kayaliklari is one of the largest and most striking examples of crests in the world and is located between Eskidere and Bogazoren villages of the Imranli district of the Sivas province in Turkiye. The crests, which resemble castle walls when viewed from afar, have a real wall pattern due to the right-angled crack system of the bedrock when viewed closely. This study aims at investigating the geomorphological features of the Dis Kayaliklari and determining how the geological and geomorphological evolution of the Dis Kayaliklari took place and how the current formation mechanism continues. In the region, the mid-latitude continental climate prevails with cold humid winters and warm dry summers. The bedrock consists of Miocene bedded deposits of different resistance, folded by young tectonic movements. Dis Kayaliklari was formed by selective erosion of less resistant terrain around a pack of resistant rock on the steeper southern slope of an asymmetrical anticline. It has a length of 4750 m in the approximately northwest-southeast direction, a maximum height of 30 m, and a width varying between 5 and 8 m. In the present morphological appearance of the Dis Kayaliklari, it can be stated that the structure formed after the tectonic formation process was eroded under the control of the local climate and crest formation was realized. In the following process, the crest experienced a polycyclic process where different landforms were formed. There are smaller landforms such as karren, cave and rock window on Dis Kayaliklari, and macrofossil beds in some places. This highly attractive geomorphosite, unknown to wider public, should be investigated from various scientific aspects and should be brought to regional tourism by making the necessary infrastructure and promotion studies.
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
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3D data integration for geo-located cave mapping based on unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial laser scanner data
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12440/5982
3D data integration for geo-located cave mapping based on unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial laser scanner data
Comert, Resul; Ozdemir, Samed; Bilgilioglu, Burhan Baha; Alemdag, Selcuk; Zeybek, Halil Ibrahim
The Akcakale cave is a significant natural and cultural heritage site in the Black Sea region of eastern Turkey. The complex geometry and difficult-to-access areas of the cave have made the use of traditional mapping methods challenging. To overcome these limitations, this study utilized TLS and UAV technology to produce highly accurate 2D and 3D data for cave management and risk assessment purposes. The TLS system was used to create a detailed 3D point cloud of the cave interior, while the UAV system generated a 3D model of the surface topography outside the cave. The two sets of data were combined in the GIS environment using a geodetic net-work established in the study area, providing a common geodetic reference system for both TLS and UAV data. The study found that the cave area is 13,750 m2, which is smaller than the area of 18,000 m2 that was previously estimated using conventional measurement methods. The volume and ceiling heights of the cave were calculated using the elevation models generated from TLS point cloud data. The 3D point cloud data were also used to map dripstone locations on the floor and ceiling of the cave, and the boundaries of rock blocks on the ground were precisely determined. The study identified potential risks associated with the cave, particularly the risk of rockfall in the source rock areas around the cave entrance and the southern part of the cave. The nearest building to the cave is approximately 35 meters away, and all the buildings in the area are less than 300 meters from the cave. In the event of the cave collapse, the buildings in the southern part of the cave are at risk of rockfall. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining data from TLS and UAV systems to generate broad and sensitive cave mapping and risk assessment data, which are critical for cave management and safety. The collected data can be used for cave stability investigations and rockfall risk assessments. This study provides a foundation for future explorations of the Akcakale cave and highlights the potential for modern surveying techniques to enhance our understanding of complex geological structures such as caves.
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z